Common Sexually Transmitted Infections
Several infections can be transmitted through sexual contact. Understanding the basics helps you recognize when testing is needed and why treatment matters.
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is one of the most common bacterial STIs, particularly among young adults. Most people with chlamydia have no symptoms, which is why routine screening is so important. When symptoms occur, they may include abnormal discharge, burning during urination, or pelvic pain. Left untreated, chlamydia can cause serious reproductive complications, including infertility.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is another bacterial infection that often occurs alongside chlamydia. Symptoms can include discharge, painful urination, and in some cases, sore throat or rectal discomfort depending on the site of infection. Like chlamydia, gonorrhea can be asymptomatic and can lead to long-term complications without treatment.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a bacterial infection that progresses through stages if untreated. Early symptoms include painless sores and rashes, but the infection can eventually affect the heart, brain, and other organs. Syphilis rates have been rising in recent years, making awareness and testing increasingly important.
Herpes
Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus and causes recurring outbreaks of painful blisters or sores. Many people with herpes have mild symptoms or none at all, yet can still transmit the virus to partners. While there’s no cure, treatment can manage outbreaks and reduce transmission risk.
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus attacks the immune system and, without treatment, can progress to AIDS. Modern antiretroviral therapy allows people with HIV to live long, healthy lives and reduces viral load to undetectable levels, preventing transmission. Early detection through testing is critical for starting treatment and protecting your health.
HPV
Human papillomavirus is the most common STI, and most sexually active people will contract at least one strain during their lifetime. While many HPV infections clear on their own, certain strains can cause genital warts or lead to cervical, throat, and other cancers. Vaccination is available and highly effective at preventing the most dangerous strains.
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is a parasitic infection that causes itching, burning, and discharge. It’s easily treated with antibiotics but often goes undiagnosed because symptoms can be mild or absent.